Former heads of state are individuals who have previously held the highest political office in a country, such as a president or prime minister. They often play a significant role in shaping national policies and representing their country on the global stage. After leaving office, many former heads of state continue to influence politics, engage in public speaking, or participate in charitable activities. These leaders may also be involved in international organizations or serve as advisors to current officials. Examples of former heads of state include Barack Obama, Angela Merkel, and Nelson Mandela, each of whom has made lasting contributions to their nations and the world.