Fletching is the process of creating and attaching feathers or vanes to the shaft of an arrow. This is an essential step in archery, as the fletching helps stabilize the arrow during flight, ensuring it flies straight and accurately towards the target. Typically, three feathers or vanes are used, positioned at equal angles around the shaft. The materials used for fletching can vary, with traditional options including natural feathers from birds like turkeys or geese, while modern archers may opt for synthetic vanes. Proper fletching techniques can significantly improve an archer's performance, making it a crucial skill in the sport.