Gustave Flaubert was a French novelist born on December 12, 1821, in Rouen, France. He is best known for his novel Madame Bovary, which explores the life of a woman seeking escape from her mundane existence. Flaubert's writing is characterized by its meticulous style and attention to detail, making him a key figure in literary realism. Flaubert's work often critiques the social norms of his time, particularly regarding marriage and the role of women. He was also known for his correspondence with other literary figures, including George Sand and Henry James. Flaubert passed away on May 8, 1880, leaving a lasting impact on literature.