A fixed-point number is a way to represent real numbers in a computer using a fixed number of digits before and after the decimal point. This format allows for efficient calculations, especially in systems where floating-point representation may be too complex or slow. Fixed-point numbers are commonly used in applications like digital signal processing and embedded systems. In a fixed-point representation, the position of the decimal point is predetermined, which simplifies arithmetic operations. For example, in a 16-bit fixed-point system, a portion of the bits is allocated for the integer part and the rest for the fractional part. This method provides a balance between range and precision, making it suitable for various applications.