Finite Automata
Finite Automata are mathematical models used to represent and analyze the behavior of systems with a limited number of states. They consist of a finite set of states, including a start state and one or more accept states, along with transitions that dictate how the system moves from one state to another based on input symbols.
These automata can be classified into two main types: Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) and Nondeterministic Finite Automata (NFA). DFAs have a single transition for each input symbol from a given state, while NFAs can have multiple transitions for the same input. Finite automata are widely used in computer science for tasks like pattern matching and lexical analysis.