Filip II of Spain, born in 1527, was the son of Carlos I of Spain and Isabel of Portugal. He became king in 1556 and ruled until his death in 1598. His reign is noted for the expansion of the Spanish Empire, including territories in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Filip II was a staunch defender of Catholicism and sought to strengthen the influence of the Church. Under his rule, Spain faced significant challenges, including military conflicts like the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. Despite initial successes, his reign also saw economic difficulties and the decline of Spanish power in Europe. Filip II's legacy is marked by both the grandeur of the Spanish Empire and the complexities of his rule.