File system corruption occurs when the data structure that organizes files on a storage device, such as a hard drive or SSD, becomes damaged or inconsistent. This can happen due to various reasons, including unexpected power outages, hardware failures, or software bugs. When corruption occurs, files may become inaccessible, and the operating system may struggle to read or write data properly. To recover from file system corruption, users often need to run diagnostic tools or repair utilities, such as CHKDSK on Windows or fsck on Linux. In severe cases, data recovery services may be required to retrieve lost information. Regular backups can help mitigate the impact of such corruption.