File encryption is a process that transforms data into a secure format, making it unreadable to unauthorized users. This is achieved using algorithms and keys, which are essential for both encrypting and decrypting the information. When a file is encrypted, only individuals with the correct key can access the original content, ensuring privacy and security. Commonly used in various applications, file encryption protects sensitive information such as personal documents, financial records, and confidential communications. Tools and software like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) are popular choices for individuals and organizations looking to safeguard their data from cyber threats and unauthorized access.