Fiber optic technology uses thin strands of glass or plastic, known as fiber optics, to transmit data as light signals. This method allows for high-speed communication over long distances with minimal loss of signal quality. The core of a fiber optic cable is surrounded by a reflective layer, which helps keep the light contained within the core. This technology is widely used in telecommunications, internet connections, and medical instruments, providing faster and more reliable data transmission compared to traditional copper cables.