Felipe II, also known as Philip II of Spain, was born on May 21, 1527. He became King of Spain in 1556 and ruled until his death in 1598. Felipe II was a member of the Habsburg dynasty and is known for his role in expanding the Spanish Empire, which included territories in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. During his reign, Felipe II focused on strengthening the Catholic Church and combating Protestantism, leading to conflicts such as the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. His reign is often associated with the height of Spanish power and the flourishing of Spanish art and culture.