A federal state is a political system where power is divided between a central government and various regional governments. This structure allows different regions, often called states or provinces, to have their own laws and regulations while still being part of a larger nation. Examples of federal states include the United States, Germany, and Canada. In a federal system, the constitution typically outlines the distribution of powers, ensuring that both the central and regional governments can operate independently in certain areas. This arrangement helps accommodate diverse populations and local needs while maintaining national unity.