Federal sentencing refers to the process by which federal courts determine the punishment for individuals convicted of federal crimes. This process is guided by the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, which provide a framework for judges to consider factors such as the severity of the crime and the defendant's criminal history. Judges have discretion within these guidelines, allowing them to impose sentences that can range from probation to lengthy prison terms. The goal of federal sentencing is to ensure consistency and fairness while also considering the need for public safety and the rehabilitation of the offender.