Federal powers refer to the authority granted to the national government of a country, allowing it to govern and make decisions on behalf of the entire nation. In the United States, these powers are outlined in the U.S. Constitution, particularly in Article I, which establishes the legislative branch, and Article II, which defines the executive branch. Federal powers include regulating interstate commerce, conducting foreign affairs, and providing for national defense. These powers are distinct from state powers, which are reserved for individual states. The balance between federal and state powers is a key aspect of the federal system of government, ensuring that both levels can operate effectively while maintaining their own responsibilities.