Factors are numbers or expressions that can be multiplied together to produce a given number or expression. For example, in the case of the number 12, its factors include 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. Understanding factors is essential in various fields, including algebra, where they help simplify expressions and solve equations. In addition to numbers, factors can also refer to variables in algebraic expressions. For instance, in the expression x^2 - 5x + 6, the factors are x - 2 and x - 3. Identifying these factors allows for easier manipulation and understanding of mathematical problems.