Factions in dystopian literature often represent different ideologies or social groups that emerge in response to oppressive governments or societal collapse. These factions typically have distinct beliefs, values, and goals, which can lead to conflict and tension within the story. Examples include the Dauntless and Abnegation in Divergent or the Party in 1984. These groups serve to explore themes of identity, power, and resistance. By dividing society into factions, authors can illustrate the complexities of human nature and the consequences of extreme societal structures. This division often highlights the struggle for individuality and freedom in a controlled environment.