Factionalism refers to the division of a larger group into smaller, often competing subgroups or factions. These factions typically form around shared interests, beliefs, or goals, leading to internal conflict and competition for power or resources. This phenomenon can be observed in various contexts, including politics, organizations, and social movements. In political settings, factionalism can hinder decision-making and create instability, as different factions may prioritize their agendas over collective goals. Historical examples include the Federalists and Anti-Federalists in early American politics, which showcased how differing ideologies can lead to significant divisions within a political landscape.