FORTRAN 95 is a high-level programming language that is an extension of the original FORTRAN (short for "Formula Translation"). It was developed in the mid-1990s to improve the language's capabilities, particularly for scientific and engineering applications. FORTRAN 95 introduced features like array programming, improved input/output operations, and better support for modular programming. This version of FORTRAN maintains backward compatibility with earlier versions, allowing existing code to run without modification. It is widely used in fields such as computational physics, climate modeling, and numerical analysis, where performance and efficiency are crucial.