Exposure modes are settings on a camera that determine how the camera measures light and adjusts the exposure for a photograph. The most common modes include Manual, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Program. Each mode offers different levels of control over the camera's settings, allowing photographers to choose how much influence they want over factors like shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. In Manual mode, the photographer sets all exposure parameters, while in Aperture Priority, the user selects the aperture, and the camera adjusts the shutter speed. Conversely, in Shutter Priority, the photographer chooses the shutter speed, and the camera sets the aperture. Program mode automatically adjusts both settings, providing a balance between control and convenience.