The exploration of the Americas began in the late 15th century, primarily driven by European nations seeking new trade routes and territories. Notable explorers like Christopher Columbus and John Cabot ventured across the Atlantic Ocean, leading to the European awareness of the vast lands and resources available in the New World. As exploration continued, various expeditions uncovered diverse cultures and landscapes. The Spanish, led by explorers such as Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, conquered large empires like the Aztecs and Incas, significantly impacting the indigenous populations and altering the course of history in the Americas.