Exploitation techniques refer to methods used by attackers to take advantage of vulnerabilities in systems, software, or networks. These techniques can include phishing, where attackers trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, or exploiting software bugs that allow unauthorized access. Another common technique is social engineering, which manipulates people into breaking security protocols. Attackers may use tactics like pretexting or baiting to gain trust and access to confidential data. Understanding these techniques is crucial for improving cybersecurity measures and protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.