Expedition 31 was a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that took place from April to September 2012. It involved a crew of six astronauts and cosmonauts, including Commander Oleg Kononenko and Flight Engineer Don Pettit. The mission focused on scientific research and technology demonstrations in microgravity. During Expedition 31, the crew conducted various experiments in fields such as biology, physics, and Earth sciences. They also performed maintenance tasks on the ISS and participated in educational outreach activities to engage students and the public in space exploration.