Exome sequencing is a genetic analysis technique that focuses on sequencing the exome, which is the part of the genome that contains the coding regions of genes. These coding regions, or exons, represent about 1-2% of the entire genome but are crucial for producing proteins. By examining the exome, researchers can identify genetic variations that may be linked to diseases or other traits. This method is particularly useful in medical genetics, as it allows for the detection of mutations associated with various conditions, including inherited disorders and cancers. Exome sequencing is often more cost-effective than whole-genome sequencing, making it a popular choice for both research and clinical applications.