Existential risk refers to the potential events or scenarios that could lead to the extinction of humanity or the permanent and drastic reduction of human civilization's potential. These risks can arise from various sources, including natural disasters, pandemics, nuclear war, and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence or biotechnology. Addressing existential risks is crucial for ensuring the long-term survival and flourishing of humanity. Researchers and organizations, such as the Future of Humanity Institute, study these risks to develop strategies for prevention and mitigation, aiming to create a safer future for all.