Excess, or surplus, refers to the amount of something that remains after the necessary or desired quantity has been met. In economics, it often describes a situation where supply exceeds demand, leading to an abundance of goods or resources. For example, if a farmer produces more crops than can be sold, the extra produce is considered a surplus. Surplus can also apply to finances, where it indicates that income exceeds expenses. This financial excess allows individuals or organizations to save, invest, or spend on other priorities. For instance, a company with a budget surplus can reinvest in its operations or distribute profits to shareholders.