European witchcraft refers to the belief in and practice of magic, often associated with the use of spells, charms, and rituals. It was prevalent in various cultures across Europe from the late medieval period through the early modern era. Many people, particularly women, were accused of witchcraft, leading to widespread witch hunts and trials, such as the infamous Salem witch trials. The Malleus Maleficarum, a 15th-century treatise, played a significant role in shaping the perception of witches as malevolent figures. These beliefs were often fueled by social, political, and religious tensions, resulting in thousands of executions and a lasting impact on European society and culture.