European classical music refers to a broad tradition of music that originated in Europe, spanning from the medieval period to the present day. It includes various styles and forms, such as symphonies, operas, and chamber music. Notable composers include Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, each contributing significantly to the development of musical techniques and expressions. This genre is characterized by its use of written notation, allowing for complex compositions and performances. Instruments commonly used in classical music include the piano, violin, and orchestra. The music often emphasizes harmony, melody, and structure, reflecting the cultural and historical contexts of its time.