European politics refers to the political systems, institutions, and processes that govern the countries of Europe. Each nation has its own government structure, often influenced by historical events, cultural factors, and economic conditions. The European Union (EU) plays a significant role in shaping policies across member states, promoting cooperation on issues like trade, security, and environmental protection. Political parties in Europe vary widely, from conservative to progressive, and often form coalitions to govern effectively. Key political figures, such as the President of the European Commission, influence decision-making at the EU level. Additionally, issues like immigration, climate change, and economic stability are central to political debates across the continent.