European economics refers to the study of economic systems, policies, and practices within the countries of Europe. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including trade, labor markets, and monetary policies. The European Union (EU) plays a significant role in shaping economic policies among its member states, promoting free trade and economic cooperation. The euro, the common currency used by 19 of the 27 EU countries, facilitates easier trade and investment across borders. Economic challenges, such as unemployment and inflation, vary across the region, influenced by factors like national policies and global economic trends.