European battles have played a significant role in shaping the continent's history. Key conflicts, such as the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and the Battle of Hastings in 1066, marked turning points in political power and territorial control. These battles often involved major nations like France, England, and Germany, influencing alliances and rivalries that continue to affect Europe today. Many battles were fought for various reasons, including territorial expansion, religious differences, and national independence. The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) are examples of prolonged conflicts that caused widespread devastation and led to significant changes in European borders and governance.