Eugene Fama is an American economist best known for his work on financial markets and asset pricing. He is often referred to as the "father of modern finance" due to his pioneering research on the Efficient Market Hypothesis, which suggests that stock prices reflect all available information, making it difficult to consistently achieve higher returns than the market. Fama was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2013 for his contributions to the understanding of asset prices. He has also been influential in the development of Fama-French three-factor model, which expands on traditional models by including factors like size and value in explaining stock returns.