Euclidean space is a mathematical concept that describes a flat, two-dimensional or three-dimensional space where the familiar rules of geometry apply. It is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, who laid the foundations of geometry in his work, "Elements." In this space, points, lines, and shapes can be defined using coordinates, and the relationships between them can be analyzed using basic geometric principles. In Euclidean space, the distance between two points can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, and angles can be measured in degrees. This framework is essential for various fields, including physics, engineering, and computer graphics, as it provides a clear and intuitive way to understand spatial relationships.