Essence refers to the fundamental nature or intrinsic quality of something that makes it what it is. It encompasses the core characteristics that define an object, idea, or being, distinguishing it from others. For example, the essence of water includes its properties like being a liquid at room temperature and its ability to dissolve many substances. In philosophy, essence is often discussed in relation to existence, where it is considered the defining attributes that give meaning to an entity. This concept can also apply to art, where the essence of a piece may reflect the artist's intent or the emotions it evokes in the viewer.