Espresso techniques refer to the methods used to brew a concentrated coffee beverage known as espresso. Key techniques include proper grinding of coffee beans to a fine consistency, precise dosing of coffee grounds, and optimal tamping to ensure even extraction. The brewing process typically involves forcing hot water through the coffee grounds at high pressure. Another important aspect of espresso techniques is the extraction time, which usually ranges from 25 to 30 seconds. Baristas often use espresso machines to control variables like water temperature and pressure, ensuring a rich flavor and creamy texture. Mastering these techniques can significantly enhance the quality of the espresso served.