Error recovery refers to the processes and techniques used to identify and correct errors in systems, software, or data. It is essential in maintaining the reliability and functionality of applications, ensuring that they can continue to operate smoothly even when unexpected issues arise. In computing, error recovery can involve methods such as rollback, where a system reverts to a previous state, or checkpointing, which saves the current state at intervals. These strategies help minimize data loss and allow users to resume operations with minimal disruption after an error occurs.