Error Control Protocols are techniques used in data communication to detect and correct errors that may occur during the transmission of data. These protocols ensure that the information received is accurate and complete, which is crucial for reliable communication. Common methods include checksums, cyclic redundancy checks (CRC), and automatic repeat requests (ARQ). When an error is detected, Error Control Protocols can either request the sender to resend the data or use error-correcting codes to fix the errors without needing a retransmission. This helps maintain the integrity of data and improves the overall efficiency of communication systems.