Erasmus of Rotterdam was a Dutch philosopher and theologian born in 1466. He is best known for his works on humanism, which emphasized the importance of education and the study of classical texts. Erasmus advocated for reform within the Catholic Church and was a key figure in the Renaissance movement, promoting ideas that encouraged critical thinking and individual interpretation of the scriptures. One of his most famous works is the "In Praise of Folly," a satirical critique of societal norms and the church. Erasmus's ideas influenced many later thinkers, including Martin Luther, and contributed to the development of modern Western thought.