Eradication refers to the complete elimination of a disease or pest from a specific area or the entire world. This process often involves extensive public health measures, vaccination programs, and environmental management. A notable example is the global eradication of smallpox, which was achieved through coordinated vaccination efforts. The goal of eradication is to prevent the re-emergence of the targeted disease or pest, ensuring that it no longer poses a threat to public health or agriculture. Successful eradication can lead to significant economic benefits and improved quality of life for affected populations, as seen in the case of rinderpest in livestock.