Equilibrium problems involve situations where forces or influences are balanced, resulting in a stable state. In physics, this often refers to objects at rest or moving at constant velocity, where the sum of all forces acting on them equals zero. This concept is crucial in understanding how structures like bridges and buildings maintain stability under various loads. In economics, equilibrium problems relate to supply and demand. Here, the market reaches a point where the quantity of goods supplied equals the quantity demanded, leading to stable prices. This balance is essential for efficient market functioning and helps predict how changes in factors like consumer preferences or production costs can affect overall market dynamics.