Equilibrium models are mathematical frameworks used to analyze systems where various forces or factors are balanced. In economics, for example, these models help understand how supply and demand interact to determine prices in a market. When supply equals demand, the market is said to be in equilibrium, meaning there is no inherent tendency for change. In other fields, such as ecology or physics, equilibrium models can describe stable states in ecosystems or physical systems. These models help predict how changes in one part of the system can affect the overall balance, providing insights into stability and dynamics within complex systems.