The epigenome refers to a collection of chemical modifications to the DNA and histone proteins that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications can influence how genes are turned on or off, affecting cellular functions and development. Factors such as environment, lifestyle, and age can impact the epigenome, leading to changes in gene activity. Epigenetic changes can be inherited, meaning that traits influenced by the epigenome can be passed from one generation to the next. Research in epigenetics aims to understand how these modifications contribute to various biological processes and diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.