An epidural is a type of anesthesia commonly used during childbirth and certain surgeries. It involves injecting medication into the epidural space of the spine, which numbs the lower body. This allows patients to remain awake and alert while experiencing reduced pain. The procedure is typically performed by an anesthesiologist or a trained nurse anesthetist. Patients may feel a slight pinch during the injection, but the overall process is generally quick and safe. Epidurals can provide significant pain relief, making them a popular choice for many women during labor.