Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded the school of philosophy known as Epicureanism. He lived from 341 to 270 BCE and emphasized the pursuit of happiness through the cultivation of friendships, the enjoyment of simple pleasures, and the avoidance of pain. Epicurus believed that understanding the natural world and reducing fear of the gods and death were essential for achieving a tranquil life. His teachings encouraged followers to seek pleasure wisely, advocating for moderation rather than indulgence. Epicurus also distinguished between different types of pleasures, promoting intellectual and spiritual joys over purely physical ones. His ideas have influenced various philosophical movements and continue to be studied today.