Enzymatic catalysts, commonly known as enzymes, are biological molecules that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, allowing processes like digestion and metabolism to happen more efficiently. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or type of substrate, which is the molecule it acts upon. These catalysts are essential for life, as they facilitate various biochemical reactions necessary for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of cellular functions. Enzymatic activity can be influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, and the concentration of substrates, making them highly adaptable to changing conditions in the body.