Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or development before it is carried out. This assessment helps decision-makers understand the possible impacts on the environment, including air and water quality, wildlife, and local communities, ensuring that any negative effects are minimized or mitigated. The EIA process typically involves public participation, where stakeholders can voice their concerns and contribute to the assessment. By identifying potential environmental issues early on, EIA promotes sustainable development and helps protect natural resources for future generations.