Enterprise Java refers to a set of specifications and technologies designed for building large-scale, distributed applications in the Java programming language. It provides a robust framework that supports features like transaction management, security, and scalability, making it suitable for enterprise-level solutions. Key components of Enterprise Java include Java EE (now known as Jakarta EE), which offers APIs for web services, messaging, and persistence. Additionally, tools like JavaServer Faces (JSF) and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) help developers create dynamic web applications and manage business logic efficiently, ensuring that applications can handle high loads and complex operations.