English linguistics is the scientific study of the English language, focusing on its structure, use, and development. It examines various aspects such as grammar, phonetics, semantics, and syntax, helping to understand how English functions as a means of communication. This field also explores the historical evolution of English, including its roots in Old English and influences from other languages. Additionally, sociolinguistics within English linguistics studies how social factors like region, class, and culture affect language use and variation among speakers.