Engine timing refers to the precise coordination of the engine's components, particularly the crankshaft and camshaft. This synchronization ensures that the valves open and close at the correct moments during the engine's cycle, allowing for efficient air and fuel intake and exhaust expulsion. Proper timing is crucial for optimal engine performance and fuel efficiency. If the timing is off, it can lead to various issues, such as reduced power, increased emissions, or even engine damage. Timing is often adjusted using a timing belt or timing chain, which connects the crankshaft to the camshaft, maintaining the necessary alignment for smooth operation.