An Engine Management System (EMS) is a computer-based system that controls various aspects of an internal combustion engine's operation. It monitors parameters like air-fuel mixture, ignition timing, and emissions to optimize performance, fuel efficiency, and reduce harmful emissions. The EMS uses sensors to gather data and adjusts engine functions accordingly. The EMS consists of several components, including the Engine Control Unit (ECU), which processes information and sends commands to actuators. By continuously analyzing data from sensors such as the oxygen sensor and throttle position sensor, the EMS ensures the engine runs smoothly and efficiently under different driving conditions.