Energy-efficient computing refers to the design and use of computer systems that consume less power while maintaining performance. This approach is essential for reducing energy costs and minimizing environmental impact. Techniques include optimizing hardware, using low-power processors, and implementing software that reduces energy consumption during tasks. Advancements in cloud computing and data centers also contribute to energy efficiency by utilizing shared resources and advanced cooling techniques. Additionally, green computing practices encourage recycling and responsible disposal of electronic waste, further promoting sustainability in the tech industry.