Energy imbalances occur when the amount of energy consumed differs from the amount of energy expended by an individual or system. This can lead to weight gain or loss, depending on whether there is a surplus or deficit of energy. For example, consuming more calories than the body uses results in a positive energy balance, while using more energy than consumed creates a negative energy balance. In broader contexts, such as in ecosystems or economies, energy imbalances can affect sustainability and efficiency. For instance, in renewable energy systems, an imbalance between energy production and consumption can lead to waste or shortages, impacting overall performance and reliability.